Research advances in methods of cyclezation mechanism of sesquiterpenes / 中国中药杂志

Terpenes are the largest group of natural products and contain the widest assortment of structural types. Terpene cyclization is also the most complex reaction found in nature. For a long time, terpenoids with diverse structures have attracted natural product chemists to explore their biosynthesis mechanism. Such a large number of terpene skeletons are catalyzed by enzymes called terpene synthase. Sesquiterpene synthase is a kind of terpene synthase, which can catalyze the cyclization of linear precursor farnesyl pyrophosphate(FPP) to sesquiterpene skeletons. Sesquiterpene synthase cyclize a single precursor FPP into many sesquiterpene skeletons. With the continuous discovery of sesquiterpene synthase, the cyclization mechanism of sesquiterpene synthase has been studied deeply. In recent years, with the development and improvement of isotope labeling of substrate FPP and structural analysis of sesquiterpene synthase, the structure and cyclization mechanism of sesquiterpene synthase have been studied more systematically and accurately. In this review, we reviewed the progress of the research methods on the mechanism of sesquiterpene cyclization by substrate isotope labeling and protein structure, as well as the summary and prospect of sesquiterpene synthase research.

Single-cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Sexually Dimorphic Transcriptome and Type 2 Diabetes Genes in Mouse Islet β Cells / 基因组蛋白质组与生物信息学报·英文版

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by the malfunction of pancreatic β cells. Susceptibility and pathogenesis of T2D can be affected by multiple factors, including sex differences. However, the mechanisms underlying sex differences in T2D susceptibility and pathogenesis remain unclear. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we demonstrate the presence of sexually dimorphic transcriptomes in mouse β cells. Using a high-fat diet-induced T2D mouse model, we identified sex-dependent T2D altered genes, suggesting sex-based differences in the pathological mechanisms of T2D. Furthermore, based on islet transplantation experiments, we found that compared to mice with sex-matched islet transplants, sex-mismatched islet transplants in healthy mice showed down-regulation of genes involved in the longevity regulating pathway of β cells. Moreover, the diabetic mice with sex-mismatched islet transplants showed impaired glucose tolerance. These data suggest sexual dimorphism in T2D pathogenicity, indicating that sex should be considered when treating T2D. We hope that our findings could provide new insights for the development of precision medicine in T2D.

Progress in understanding hepatic fibrosis and renal fibrosis based on the gut-liver-kidney axis / 药学学报

Fibrosis is a pathological process of abnormal hyperplasia and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix during the process of repair after tissue and organ damage. Injury/inflammation caused by variously chronic diseases is a major trigger for fibrogenesis. Fibrosis of the liver and kidney is a common organ fibrosis. Recently, the intestinal microbiota has been shown to be extensively involved in the development of liver and kidney diseases, which may follow from changes in the intestinal microbial composition and intestinal integrity. This promotes the development of liver and/or kidney fibrosis through endocrine, cell signaling and other pathways. This paper reviews the research progress in understanding liver fibrosis and kidney fibrosis based on the gut-liver-kidney axis, which may be helpful for providing new strategies and theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic and renal fibrosis.

Adefovir Dipivoxil plus Chinese Medicine in HBeAg-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B Patients: A Randomized Controlled 48-Week Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effects of a 48-week course of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) plus Chinese medicine (CM) therapy, namely Tiaogan Jianpi Hexue () and Tiaogan Jiedu Huashi () fomulae, in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive Chinese patients.@*METHODS@#A total of 605 HBeAg-positive Chinese CHB patients were screened and 590 eligible participants were randomly assigned to 2 groups in 1:1 ratio including experimental group (EG, received ADV plus CM) and control group (CG, received ADV plus CM-placebo) for 48 weeks. The major study outcomes were the rates of HBeAg and HBV-DNA loss on week 12, 24, 36, 48, respectively. Secondary endpoints including liver functions (enzymes and bilirubin readings) were evaluated every 4 weeks at the beginning of week 24, 36, and 48. Routine blood, urine, and stool analyses in addition to electrocardiogram and abdominal B scan were monitored as safety evaluations. Adverse events (AEs) were documented.@*RESULTS@#The combination therapy demonstrated superior HBeAg loss at 48 weeks, without additional AEs. The full analysis population was 560 and 280 in each group. In the EG, population achieved HBeAg loss on week 12, 24, 36, and 48 were 25 (8.90%), 34 (12.14%), 52 (18.57%), and 83 (29.64%), respectively; the equivalent numbers in the CG were 20 (7.14%), 41 (14.64%), 54 (19.29%), and 50 (17.86%), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between these group values on week 48 (P<0.01). No additional AEs were found in EG. Subgroup analysis suggested different outcomes among treatment patterns.@*CONCLUSION@#Combination of CM and ADV therapy demonstrated superior HBeAg clearance compared with ADV monotherapy. The finding indicates that this combination therapy may provide an improved therapeutic effect and safety profile (ChiCTR-TRC-11001263).

Treatment of old acetabular posterior wall fracture with 3D printing combined with composite plate internal fixation / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the application value and clinical effect of three-dimensional printing combined with composite plate internal fixation in the treatment of old acetabular posterior wall fracture.@*METHODS@#From May 2010 to October 2016, Mimics 19.0 software was used to plan preoperatively according to a 1:1 print pelvic 3D model. At the same time, 23 patients with old acetabular posterior wall fractures were treated with combined plate internal fixation, including 15 males and 8 females, aged 20 to 63 (43.0±5.1) years old, and the time from injury to operation was 23 to 101(47.0±10.5) days. According to Letournel-Judet classification, 11 cases were posterior wall fracture, 7 cases were transverse with posterior wall fracture, and 5 cases were posterior column with posterior wall fracture. All patients were treated with single Kocher-Langenbeck approach combined plate internal fixation, and the evaluation indexes were recorded during operation, after operation and during follow-up.@*RESULTS@#The operation time of 23 patients was (113.5±11.5) min, bleeding was (550.0±104.7) ml and fluoroscopy was (12.7±0.8) s. Matta radiographic reduction criteria were used: excellent in 14 cases, good in 7 cases and poor in 2 cases; 23 patients were followed up for 10 to 24 (16.0±5.6) months. The hip function was evaluated according to the modified Merle d'Aubingne and Postal scoring system at the last follow-up: excellent in 11 cases, good in 8 cases, fair in 3 cases and poor in 1 case. There were 3 cases of traumatic arthritis, 1 case of femoral head necrosis, 2 cases of heterotopic ossification and 5 cases of sciatic nerve irritation.@*CONCLUSIONS@#3D printing technique is an effective and fast method for the treatment of old acetabular posterior wall fractures. In addition, the printing model can provide three-dimensional morphological structure for the operator, combined with preoperative simulation, facilitate intraoperative reduction, and effectively improve the efficiency of surgery.

Effect of modified bandaging method on facial rejuvenation with small incision / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective@#To observe the clinical effect of the modified bandaging method for facial rejuvenation with small incision and to explore its applicable scope.@*Methods@#From March to October 2019, 12 people in the outpatient department underwent small incision facial rejuvenation surgery and the improved bandaging method was used.@*Results@#After the small incision facial rejuvenation operation, the relaxation and drooping of the facial tissue in 12 patients were significantly improved without complications, and no cotton pad, bandage and elastic mesh cover were used for fixation.@*Conclusions@#This improved bandaging method does not affect daily work and life, and meets the needs of patients with this requirement, and plays a very good role in promoting the small incision facial rejuvenation surgery.

Biological features of tumor associated fibroblasts and effect of Transwell co-culture on proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells / 中国药理学通报

; Aim To culture primary human gastric cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and normal fibroblasts (NFs), and to explore the biological characteristics and their effects on gastric cancer cells. Methods After isolation and culture of CAFs and NFs, growth curve was drawn by MTT. The a-smooth muscle actin (ot-SMA) and Vimentin were detected by Immunofluorescence, Western blot and qRT-PCR. MGC-803 cells were co-cultured with CAFs and NFs in Transwell suspension mode. The migration and invasion ability of gastric cancer cells was detected by Transwell. The proliferation activity and AMD3100 on CAFs-gastric cancer co-culture system were compared by MTT. The acidic property, lactic acid and ROS contents of co-culture system were determined by PH meter, lactic acid and DCFH-DA method. Results The morphology of CAFs, NFs cells were in long spindle or flat star shape. The proliferation ability and overlapping growth phenomenon of CAFs were higher than those of NFs. The expression of ct-SMA and Vimentin cells was positive in CAFs, but low or negative in NFs cells. The activity of gastric cancer in low density co-culture group > medium density group > high density group, the PH value of CAFs co-culture system decreased, the content of lactic acid and ROS was high, and only CAFs low density co-culture group had significant effect on promoting cancer. Conclusions The co-culture of gastric cancer cells with CAFs and NFs is greatly affected by the proportion. Low density co-culture can significantly improve the proliferation and metastasis ability of gastric cancer cells. High density co-culture may in turn inhibit the growth and metastasis of cancer cells, which may be related to the content of lactic acid and ROS.

Research progress on tear in patients with diabetes mellitus / 眼科新进展

With the continuous increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus in the world,the ocular complications are getting more and more attention.Diabetes mellitus can cause several complications,including diabetic retinopathy and diabetic cataract,as well as changes in the structure and micro-environment of ocular surface,which can further affect the composition and quality of tear fluid,even the stability of tear film.This review will provide a brief overview of ocular surface changes caused by diabetes mellitus,relevant detection methods and affecting factors.

An improved method of blood collection from jugular vein in rats / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To improve the method of blood collection from external jugular vein in rats,so as to repeatedly obtain blood samples of high quality and to meet the special requirements of the experiment.Methods The experimental rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal anesthesia,and the jugular vein was fully exposed with special fixed method.Whereafter,the blood samples were collected by disposable vacuum blood vessels.Results This method had little traumatic effect.The blood samples were collected from 60 rats at an interval of 14 days with 1.8 to 2.5 mL each time.The success rate was above 95％,and the normal activities of the rats were not apparently affected.This vacuum blood collection method guaranteed the quality of serum,and the veracity of blood detection and analysis were also significantly improved.Conclusion On the basis of the principle of animal welfare,the improved rat jugular vein blood collection method has the advantages of simple operation,less trauma,large blood collection,high blood sample quality aod so on,which can ensure the effect of the special experiment.

Ultrasound-guided lauromacrogol sclerotherapy of simple liver cyst：analysis of its efficacy and safety / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of lauromacrogol injection sclerotherapy with ethanol injection sclerotherapy in treating simple liver cysts. Methods A total of 166 patients with simple liver cyst were randomly divided into the lauromacrogol group (study group, n=86) and the absolute alcohol group (control group, n=80). Under ultrasonographic guidance, puncture aspiration of liver cyst was carried out in all patients, which was followed by injection of lauromacrogol for patients in the study group or injection of ethanol for patients in the control group. The therapeutic effect and the side-effect were evaluated. The results were compared between the two groups. Results No serious complications such as bleeding or infection occurred in both groups. During the therapeutic course , 45 patients (56.3%) in the control group felt pain to some degree and 23 patients (28.8%) developed drunk-like symptoms, while no patient in the study group felt any obvious discomfort. One week after sclerotherapy , 20 patients (25%) in the control group complained of distending pain on the right upper abdomen, while only 9 patients (10.5%) in the study group complained of pain, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2= 6.073, P 0.05). Conclusion For the treatment of liver cysts, lauromacrogol injection is safe and effective. Therefore, this technique should be recommended in clinical practice.

Application of autologous fat granules graft in improving facial appearance / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To explore the methods and effects of improving facial appearance on volume defect and aging,and recovery of aesthetic looks by autologous fat granules graft.Methods We designed the filling areas according to gender,age,individual face characteristics and desire of the case before operation.By liposuction technology with low pressure from the trunk,fats were taken with cleaning and purifying.Then pure fats were injected to the marked areas of the face by multi-level and multi-tunnel injection.It was able to supply the facial volume for lost soft tissue,to improve the aging appearance and to achieve smooth facial contour.Results All cases were followed-up for 3 months to 2 years,facial appearances were satisfied or improved,without fat liquefaction,infection,scleroma and other complications.Only a few cases needed complementary transplantation.The overall results were satisfactory.Conclusions Autologous fat granules graft is a safe and effective facial soft tissue filling technology.It can effectively improve facial aging appearance,restore natural,young and beautiful looks,and be worth for clinical application.

Molecular identification of Mycobacterium clinically isolated strains of bacteria / 中国地方病学杂志

ObjectiveTo establish the methodology for identification of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium and to identify the distribution of Mycobacterium species in hospitalized patients with tuberculosis in Heilongjiang province.It would provide the basis for accurate diagnosis of infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and non-tuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) as well as for effective therapy.Methods Three hundred and thirty Mycobacterium isolates from 330 tuberculosis patients hospitalized and clinically diagnosed in Harbin Chest Hospital from May 2007 to December 2008 were collected.Genomic DNA from the isolates was extracted after inactivation of Mycobacterium.Molecular identification was carried out using PCR,PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequencing.ResultsAmong 330 clinical isolates,328 were identified as MTB complex (MTBC),accounting for 99.4％ (328/330); 2 were NTM,accounting for 0.6％ (2/330).Among 328 MTBC isolates,326were MTB,one was Mycobacterium Africanum(M.African) and one was Mycobacterium microti(M,microti),accounting for 99.4％ (326/328),0.3％ (1/328) and 0.3％ (1/328),respectively.It was found that the homology between the two NTM isolates and Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAC)was 99％ and 93％,respectively,suggesting that the two NTM isolates were MAC.The homology between the two NTM isolates was 93％.ConclusionsPCR plus PCR-RFLP and sequencing provides an ideal method for precise identification of Mycobacterium species.In the clinically diagnosed tuberculosis patients,the predominant Mycobacterium species is MTB,however M.African,M.microti as well as NTM are also found.

Repair of excessive width of fold line and conglutination of upper eyelid after double eyelid operation / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To investigate the methods of rectifying the excessive width of fold line and conglutination of the upper eyelid following blepharoplasty. Methods The width of double eyelid was redesigned, ranging from 6 mm to 8 mm. Then the scar of upper eyelid was excised about 1 mm to 2 mm, and the orbital septum fat flap, orbicularis oculi flap, infraorbicularis oculi fat flap and injection of lipochondria were utilized to fill the depression of upper eyelid. Results In our series, there were 20 eyelids of 16 cases receiving rectification. Orbital septum fat flap was used to correct 2 eye-lids, orbicularis oculi flap 4 eyelids, infraorbicularis oculi fat flap 10 eyelids and injection of lipochon-dria 4 cases. Among 12 eases of following-up, 10 of them were satisfied with the postoperative effects. The results were acceptable in other 2 cases. Conclusion It is a good approach to correct the excessive width of fold line and conglutination of the upper eyelid with local flaps, including the orbital septum fat flap, orbicularis oculi flap, infraorbicularis oculi fat flap and injection of lipochondria.

The relationships among HBV genotypes, HBV DNA levels and histopathological features in the livers of familial grouped hepatitis B patients in the Tianjin area / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyse the relationships among HBV genotypes, HBV DNA levels and histopathological features of the livers of familial grouped hepatitis B patients in the Tianjin area.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred familial grouped hepatitis B (CHB) patients were enrolled in this study. Thirty-five of the 100 patients were chronic asymptomatic HBsAg carriers (ASC) and 65/100 were mild CHB patients. Their HBV genotypes and HBV-DNA levels were detected and liver biopsies were performed for analyzing the pathological features.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seven patients were of HBV genotype B (7%), and most of them had a HBV DNA level in the middle 10(3-5) copies/ml (57.14%). The histopathological features of the livers were of different degrees of injury. Eleven patients HBV was of genotype BC (11%); their HBV DNA levels were from 10(3-5) copies/ml (45.45%) to 10(6-7)copies/ml (36.36%). Their liver pathology showed slight or severe injuries (< or = G2 90.91%, < or = S(2) 81.82%). Eighty-two patients HBV was of genotype C (82%), and among the 82, 29 were ASC and 53 were CHB. Among the ASC, most of them had a high HBV DNA level (72.41%), and all of them had different degrees of liver injury. Among the CHB, their HBV DNA levels were 10(6-7) copies/ml (39.62%) and more than or equal 10(8) copies/ml (49.06%). The liver histopathological features were > or = G(2) in 38 patients (71.70%), and > or = S(2) in 25 patients (47.17%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>(1) In the majority, HBV of the family gathered hepatitis B patients living in Tianjin is of genotype C and they have a high HBV-DNA level and severe liver pathological injuries. These features of the family gathered hepatitis B patients are the main factors causing the unfavorable prognosis of the patients. (2) There is inflammation of different degrees in the livers and high HBV DNA levels in all the family gathered ASC patients. Antiviral therapy should be planned according to the pathological features in patients livers. (3) Liver biopsies should be performed routinely before their antiviral therapy.</p>

The Alterations of Transient Outward Potassium Currents in Ventricular Myocytes from Diabetic Rats / 中华高血压杂志

Objective To investigate the alterations and molecular mechanism of transient outward potassi- um currents(I_(to)) in ventricular myocytes from diabetic rats and explore the mechanism of predisposition of arrhyth- mias in diabetes.Methods The diabetes model was established by a single injection of streptozocin(STZ,65 mg/ kg,pH=4.5) I.P.in male Sprague-Dawley rats with weight 150-200 g.Ventricular myocytes were isolated by enzymatic perfusion.The currents were recorded with the whole-cell patch clamp technique,and gene expres- sions of channel-forming subunits (Kv4.2,Kv4.3 and Kv1.4) were semi-quantified by the technique of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results The I_(to) density (+70 mV) decreased significantly in diabetic rats compared with controls[control:(30.6?3.8)pA/pF(n=9) vs diabetes:(18.9?3.3)pA/pF(n= 29)(P

Study on separation and purification of anthraquinones in radix et rhizoma rhei by D301 macroporous resin / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The parameters of absorption and purification of total anthraquinones in Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei by D301 macroporous resin were investigated in this paper.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>HPLC was used to analyze the content of total anthraquinones in Radix Et Rhizoma with emodin as control.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The appropriate adsorption conditions were: concentration of extract 0.5 g x mL(-1); pH 9; flow rate 1 BV x h(-1). When the 75% ethanol was used as elution and the concentration of HCl was 0.1 mol x L(-1), and the flow rate was 1.0 BV x h(-1), the effect of desorption was satisfactory.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>D301 resin provided a good effect on the exchang and absorption of total anthraquinones in Radix Et Rhizoma.</p>

Prolonging of mandible after loss of periosteum and inferior alveolar vessels in rabbits / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objectives: To study the prolonging of mandible by distr ac tion osteogenesis (DO) after severe trauma in rabbits. Methods:O steotomy was conducted in 16 adult rabbits. To simulate severe trauma,periosteum was removed and inferior alveolar vessels were destroyed on left side. The rabb its were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 in each group and internal distra ctor was applied in each rabbit. In group A1 and A2 the latency time was 1 day,i n group B1 and B2 that was 7 days.In group A1 and B1 the distraction velocity wa s 0.5 mm/d,in group A2 and B2 that was 1.0 mm/d.The distraction length was 10 mm and retention period was 4 weeks. Results:4 weeks after operati on on right side complete new bone formation was found in the distraction area. On left side that was observed in group B1 and B2,but not in A1 and A2.Nonunion was found in 1,4,0 and 0 cases in group A1,A2,B1 and B2 respectively.The bending strength (10 4 N/m 2) of normal bone was 95,that in group A1,B1,B2 was 25,85 and 60 respectively. Conclusion:DO method can be used even after the blood supply of the mandibles has been destroyed, but the latency period sh ould be longer.